Image processing apparatus, image processing method, program, and electronic appliance

ABSTRACT

There is provided an image processing apparatus including an image processing unit configured to carry out adjustment that makes disparity larger than disparity corresponding to processed images, which are moving images to be processed, based on an amount of change over time in a magnitude of the disparity corresponding to the processed images.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of Japanese Priority PatentApplication JP 2013-082881 filed Apr. 11, 2013, the entire contents ofwhich are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

The present disclosure relates to an image processing apparatus, animage processing method, a program, and an electronic appliance.

Apparatuses capable of displaying images corresponding to the user'sleft eye (hereinafter indicated as “left-eye images”) and imagescorresponding to the user's right eye (hereinafter indicated as“right-eye images”) on a display screen so as to have the user recognizethe displayed images as three-dimensional images are becomingincreasingly widespread. An apparatus such as that described aboveenables the user to recognize the displayed images as three-dimensionalimages by using disparity.

When having a user recognize displayed images as three-dimensionalimages, it is preferable to present the left-eye images to only theuser's left eye and to present the right-eye images to only the user'sright eye. If the user were to recognize the left-eye images withhis/her right eye and/or to recognize the right-eye images with his/herleft eye, that is, if a phenomenon called crosstalk were to occur, therewill be a drop in the quality of the three-dimensional images, such asthe images appearing to be superimposed images or the images appearingto be blurred.

Due to this situation, technologies for reducing crosstalk are beingdeveloped. One example of a technology for reducing crosstalk is thetechnology disclosed in JP 4440066B.

SUMMARY

As one example, the technology disclosed in JP 4440066B adjustsdisparity in accordance with the size of the display apparatus todisplay the three-dimensional images. However, even if the technologydisclosed in JP 4440066B is used, it is not possible to adjust disparityin accordance with the images to be displayed on the display screen.

The present disclosure aims to provide a novel and improved imageprocessing apparatus, image processing method, program, and electronicappliance that are capable of adjusting disparity based on the processedimages.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is providedan image processing apparatus including an image processing unitconfigured to carry out adjustment that makes disparity larger thandisparity corresponding to processed images, which are moving images tobe processed, based on an amount of change over time in a magnitude ofthe disparity corresponding to the processed images.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is providedan image processing method including carrying out adjustment to makedisparity larger than disparity corresponding to processed images, whichare moving images to be processed, based on an amount of change overtime in a magnitude of the disparity corresponding to the processedimages.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provideda program causing a computer to execute adjustment that makes disparitylarger than disparity corresponding to processed images, which aremoving images to be processed, based on an amount of change over time ina magnitude of the disparity corresponding to the processed images.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is providedan electronic appliance including an image processing unit configured tocarry out adjustment that makes disparity larger than disparitycorresponding to processed images, which are moving images to beprocessed, based on an amount of change over time in a magnitude of thedisparity corresponding to the processed images.

According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, it ispossible to adjust disparity based on the processed images.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing processing according to animage processing method according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing processing according to animage processing method according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing processing according to animage processing method according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure;

FIG. 4 is a flowchart useful in explaining processing according to animage processing method according to the present embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing one example configuration of an imageprocessing apparatus according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure; and

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing one example hardwareconfiguration of the image processing apparatus according to the presentembodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENT(S)

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will bedescribed in detail with reference to the appended drawings. Note that,in this specification and the appended drawings, structural elementsthat have substantially the same function and structure are denoted withthe same reference numerals, and repeated explanation of thesestructural elements is omitted.

The following description will be given in the order indicated below.

1. Image Processing Method According to an Embodiment of the PresentDisclosure

2. Image Processing Apparatus According to an Embodiment of the PresentDisclosure

3. Program According to an Embodiment of the Present Disclosure

1. Image Processing Method According to an Embodiment of the PresentDisclosure

An image processing method according to an embodiment of the presentdisclosure will be described first before describing the configurationof the image processing apparatus according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure. The image processing method according to the presentembodiment is described by way of an example where an image processingapparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure carriesout processing according to the image processing method according to thepresent embodiment.

The image processing apparatus according to the present embodimentadjusts disparity corresponding to processed images (which are movingimages to be processed) based on the disparity corresponding to suchprocessed images. As processing according to the image processing methodaccording to the present embodiment, the image processing apparatusaccording to the present embodiment carries out adjustment to make thedisparity larger than the disparity corresponding to the processedimages based on an amount of change over time in the magnitude of thedisparity corresponding to the processed images.

Here, moving images showing the left-eye images and right-eye images(hereinafter sometimes referred to as “stereo images”) that constructthree-dimensional images and stereo images that have been artificiallygenerated from a flat image (2D image) can be given as examples of theprocessed images according to the present embodiment. Hereinafter,stereo images and stereo images that have been artificially generatedare collectively referred to as “stereo images”.

Also, the magnitude of the disparity corresponding to the processedimages for the present embodiment is expressed for example by an amountof disparity in the images (hereinafter, referred to as “frame images”)corresponding to the respective frames in the processed images. Theamount of disparity according to the present embodiment is calculatedfor each frame image based on the degree of depth of each pixel in therespective frame images, for example. Note that processing relating tothe calculation of the amount of disparity by the image processingapparatus according to the present embodiment will be described later.

Processing According to the Image Processing Method According to thePresent Embodiment

Processing according to the image processing method according to thepresent embodiment will now be described in more detail.

(1) Disparity Amount Calculating Process

The image processing apparatus according to the present embodimentcalculates the amount of disparity for each frame image based on thedegree of depth of each pixel relating to the disparity in therespective frame images. Hereinafter, the degree of depth of each pixelin the respective frame images will sometimes be referred to as a“disparity map”.

As one example, the image processing apparatus according to the presentembodiment calculates the disparity of each pixel by comparingcorresponding pixels in the left-eye image and the right-eye image thatconstruct a stereo image. The image processing apparatus according tothe present embodiment then carries out the disparity amount calculatingprocess according to the present embodiment by setting the calculateddisparity of each pixel as the degree of depth of each pixel in therespective frame images according to the present embodiment. Here, thedegree of depth according to the present embodiment corresponds to thedistance between the viewpoints.

Note that for the image processing apparatus according to the presentembodiment, the method of acquiring the degree of depth of each pixel inthe respective frame images according to the present embodiment is notlimited to the above.

For example, the image processing apparatus according to the presentembodiment may calculate the disparity of each pixel using an arbitrarymethod that is capable of calculating the disparity of each pixel.

As another example, it is also possible for the image processingapparatus according to the present embodiment to use disparityinformation showing the disparity of each pixel in the respective frameimages corresponding to the processed images according to the presentembodiment, and to set the disparity of each pixel shown by thedisparity information as the degree of depth of the respective pixels inthe respective frame images according to the present embodiment. Here,as examples, the disparity information according to the presentembodiment may be metadata of the processed images according to thepresent embodiment or may be data that is separate to the processedimages according to the present embodiment. As examples, the disparityof each pixel in the respective frame images shown by the disparityinformation according to the present embodiment may be set by analyzingthe processed images according to the present embodiment, or may be setbased on a user operation or the like. The disparity informationaccording to the present embodiment is generated before execution of theprocessing according to the image processing method according to thepresent embodiment in an apparatus that is external to the imageprocessing apparatus according to the present embodiment or in the imageprocessing apparatus according to the present embodiment itself, forexample.

The image processing apparatus according to the present embodimentcalculates an amount of disparity in each frame image by calculating thedynamic range of the disparity map (the degree of depth in therespective frame images), for example.

As a specific example, the image processing apparatus according to thepresent embodiment calculates the amount of disparity in each frameimage by carrying out Equation 1 below for each frame. Here, “z(t)” inEquation 1 represents the amount of disparity in the frame images offrame t (where t is an integer of one or higher). Also, “D(x,y,t)” inEquation 1 represents the degree of depth of a pixel expressed bycoordinates (x,y) in the frame images of frame t. The coordinates in theframe images are expressed with an arbitrary position in the frameimages as the origin (as examples, the position of the lower left cornerof the frame images, or the position of the upper left corner of theframe images).

$\begin{matrix}{{z(t)} = {{\max\limits_{({x,y})}{D\left( {x,y,t} \right)}} - {\min\limits_{({x,y})}{D\left( {x,y,t} \right)}}}} & \left( {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 1} \right)\end{matrix}$

Note that the amount of disparity according to the present embodiment isnot limited to the dynamic range of the disparity map (the degree ofdepth in the respective frame images).

As one example, the image processing apparatus according to the presentembodiment may calculate the amount of disparity in each frame image bycalculating a maximum value of the degree of depth in the respectiveframe images or an average value of the degree of depth in therespective frame images.

(2) Disparity Adjusting Process

When the amount of disparity in each frame image has been calculated inthe processing in (1) (disparity amount calculating process) describedabove, the image processing apparatus according to the presentembodiment carries out adjustment to make the amount of disparity ineach frame image larger based on the amount of change over time in theamount of disparity. As one example, the image processing apparatusaccording to the present embodiment increases the amount of disparity ina frame image when the calculated amount of disparity in each frameimage has suddenly increased in excess of a set increase amount (or by aset increase amount or more).

As a specific example, the image processing apparatus according to thepresent embodiment carries out adjustment to make the amount ofdisparity in each frame image larger based on the amount of disparity ineach frame image and an overshoot function that is a function which hasthe calculated amount of disparity in each frame image as an input.

Here, the expression “overshoot function” according to the presentembodiment is a function that has the amount of disparity in each frameimage as an input value and is a function that holds an amount of changein the amount of disparity one frame ago and causes convergence with theamount of disparity in each frame image as the target value. Theovershoot function according to the present embodiment acts so thatchanges in the amount of disparity are correlated over time.

As one example, the image processing apparatus according to the presentembodiment adjusts the calculated amount of disparity in each frameimage by carrying out the calculation in Equation 2 below. The rightside of Equation 2 is one example of the overshoot function according tothe present embodiment. In the overshoot function shown on the rightside in Equation 2, the adjusted amount of disparity in a frame image isdecided by the balance between the two elements below.

-   -   Convergence to the target value “z(t)”    -   Maintaining the amount of change “dz′(t)/dt|_(t=t−1)” of one        frame ago (the immediately preceding frame)

$\begin{matrix}{{z^{\prime}(t)} = {{z^{\prime}\left( {t - 1} \right)} + \left\lbrack \left. {{\left( {1 - \alpha} \right) \cdot \left\{ {{z(t)} - {z^{\prime}\left( {t - 1} \right)}} \right\}} + {\alpha \cdot \frac{{z^{\prime}(t)}}{t}}} \right|_{t = {t - 1}} \right\rbrack}} & \left( {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 2} \right)\end{matrix}$

Here, “z(t)” in Equation 2 represents the amount of disparity in theframe images of frame t and is an input into the overshoot function forframe t. Also, “z′(t)” in Equation 2 represents the adjusted amount ofdisparity in the frame images of frame t and is the output of theovershoot function for frame t. Also, “z′(t−1)” in Equation 2 shows theadjusted amount of disparity in the frame images of frame (t−1).

Also, “α” (where 0<α<1) in Equation 2 is a constant that controls thestrength of the correlation with changes in the amount of disparity.When the value of α is large, the time (overshoot time) for which theamount of disparity is to be enhanced more than the amount of disparityin the frame images becomes longer, while when the value of α is small,the time for which the amount of disparity is to be enhanced more thanthe amount of disparity in the frame images becomes shorter. Forexample, if the value of α is set at 0.85, the amount of disparity isenhanced more than the amount of disparity in the frame images foraround 7 to 8 frames. Note that it should be obvious that the value of aaccording to the present embodiment is not limited to 0.85. As oneexample, the value of a according to the present embodiment may be setas appropriate according to a user operation or the like.

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing the processing according to theimage processing method according to the present embodiment. FIG. 1shows an example of the relationship between the input into theovershoot function shown in Equation 2 above (i.e., z(t), which is theamount of disparity in the frame images corresponding to each frame inthe processed images) and the output of the overshoot function shown inEquation 2 above (i.e., z′(t), which is the adjusted amount of disparityin the frame images corresponding to each frame in the processedimages).

Here, FIG. 1 shows an example of the relationship between the input ofthe overshoot function and the output of the overshoot function for acase where the value of α is set at 0.85.

As one example, as indicated by the part marked A in FIG. 1, the imageprocessing apparatus according to the present embodiment uses theovershoot function shown in Equation 2 above to enhance the amount ofdisparity more than the amount of disparity in the frame images.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the processing according to theimage processing method according to the present embodiment. FIG. 2shows another example of the relationship between the input into theovershoot function shown in Equation 2 above (i.e., z(t), which is theamount of disparity in the frame images corresponding to each frame inthe processed images) and output of the overshoot function shown inEquation 2 above (i.e., z′(t), which is the adjusted amount of disparityin the frame images corresponding to each frame in the processedimages). Here, FIG. 2 shows an example of the relationship between theinput into the overshoot function and the output of the overshootfunction for a case where processed images in which the amount of changein the amount of disparity is large are to be processed (indicated as“large amount of change” in FIG. 2) and an example of the relationshipbetween the input into the overshoot function and the output of theovershoot function for a case where processed images in which the amountof change in the amount of disparity is small are to be processed(indicated as “small amount of change” in FIG. 2).

As one example, as shown by FIGS. 2A and 2B, it can be understood thatby using the overshoot function shown in Equation 2 above, the imageprocessing apparatus according to the present embodiment enhances theamount of disparity compared to the amount of disparity in the frameimages regardless of the magnitude of the amount of change in the amountof disparity in the processed images to be processed.

By using an overshoot function, such as that shown in Equation 2 abovefor example, that has the amount of disparity in the frame imagescorresponding to the respective frames in the processed images as aninput value above, the image processing apparatus according to thepresent embodiment carries out adjustment to make the amount ofdisparity in each frame image larger based on the amount of change overtime in the amount of disparity. Note that it should be obvious that theovershoot function according to the present embodiment is not limited tothe function shown in Equation 2 above.

Once adjustment has been carried out to increase the amount of disparityin each frame image by using an overshoot function such as that shown inEquation 2 above, the image processing apparatus according to thepresent embodiment adjusts the degree of depth of each pixel in therespective frame images based on the adjusted amount of disparity ineach frame image.

As one example, the image processing apparatus according to the presentembodiment calculates the ratio of the output of the overshoot functionto the value of the input of the overshoot function for each frameimage. The image processing apparatus according to the presentembodiment then adjusts the degree of depth of each pixel in therespective frame images by multiplying, for each frame image, the degreeof depth of each pixel in the frame image and the calculated value ofthe ratio.

More specifically, the image processing apparatus according to thepresent embodiment adjusts the degree of depth of each pixel in therespective frame images by carrying out the calculation shown inEquation 3 below, for example. Here, the calculation shown in Equation 3below corresponds to calculation that uses the difference between theadjusted amount of disparity in a frame image and the amount ofdisparity in the frame image before adjustment.

$\begin{matrix}{{\hat{P}(t)} = {\left\{ \frac{z^{\prime}(t)}{z(t)} \right\}^{k} \cdot {P(t)}}} & \left( {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 3} \right)\end{matrix}$

Here, the expression “P(t)” in Equation 3 represents the degree of depth(the distance between viewpoints) of each pixel in the frame images offrame t. Also, the expression “NO” in Equation 3 represents the degreeof depth of each pixel in the adjusted frame images of frame t.

Also, the expression “k” (where k>0) in Equation 3 is a constant foradjusting the degree of enhancement for enhancing the degree of depth ofeach pixel in the frame images. If the value of k is set large, thedegree of depth of each pixel in the frame image is enhanced morestrongly. If the value of k is set small, the degree of depth of eachpixel in the frame image is not enhanced very much. The case where k=2can be given as an example of the value of k where enhancement of thedegree of depth of each pixels in the frame images can be perceived bythe user watching the images but where such user does not experiencediscomfort due to the perceived enhancement of the degree of depth ofeach pixel in the frame images.

Note that it should be obvious that the value of k according to thepresent embodiment is not limited to 2. Also, the value of k accordingto the present embodiment may be set as appropriate according to a useroperation, for example.

As shown in Equation 3 above, for example, the image processingapparatus according to the present embodiment adjusts the degree ofdepth of each pixel in the respective frame images using the ratio ofthe output value of the overshoot function to the input value of theovershoot function.

Here, the ratio of the output value of the overshoot function to theinput value of the overshoot function is a value based on the amount ofchange over time in the magnitude of the disparity corresponding to theprocessed images. Accordingly, by adjusting the degree of depth of eachpixel in the respective frame images according to the calculation shownin Equation 3 above, for example, the image processing apparatusaccording to the present embodiment is capable of carrying outadjustment to make the disparity larger than the disparity correspondingto the processed images.

Note that the disparity adjusting process according to the presentembodiment is not limited to the example described above.

As one example, if the amount of disparity in each frame image isadjusted so as to increase using an overshoot function such as thatshown in Equation 2 above, there is the risk that the amount ofdisparity will fluctuate, such as when the amount of disparity isrepeatedly enhanced and reduced, due to the occurrence of ringing.

For this reason, the image processing apparatus according to the presentembodiment selectively updates the output value of the overshootfunction as shown in Equation 2 above so as to act only in the directionwhere the amount of disparity in each frame image is adjusted so as toincrease.

More specifically, as shown in Equation 4 below for example, if theoutput value (z′(t)) of the overshoot function is smaller than the inputvalue (z(t)) of the overshoot function, the image processing apparatusaccording to the present embodiment selectively updates the output valueof the overshoot function to the input value of the overshoot function.Here, the expression “Ẑ(0” in Equation 4 represents the output value ofthe overshoot function that has been selectively updated.

$\begin{matrix}{{\hat{Z}(t)} = \left\{ \begin{matrix}{z^{\prime}(t)} & \left( {{z^{\prime}(t)} \geq {z(t)}} \right) \\{z(t)} & \left( {{z^{\prime}(t)} < {z(t)}} \right)\end{matrix} \right.} & \left( {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 4} \right)\end{matrix}$

Also, if the output value of the overshoot function has been selectivelyupdated, the image processing apparatus according to the presentembodiment calculates the ratio of the output value of the overshootfunction that has been selectively updated to the input value of theovershoot function for each frame image, for example. The imageprocessing apparatus according to the present embodiment then adjuststhe degree of depth of the each pixel in the respective frame images bymultiplying, for each frame image, the degree of depth of the each pixelin the frame images and the calculated value of the ratio.

More specifically, the image processing apparatus according to thepresent embodiment adjusts the degree of depth of each pixel in therespective frame images by carrying out the calculation shown inEquation 5 below, for example.

$\begin{matrix}{{\hat{P}(t)} = {\left\{ \frac{\hat{Z}(t)}{z(t)} \right\}^{k} \cdot {P(t)}}} & \left( {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 5} \right)\end{matrix}$

As shown in Equation 4 above for example, when the output value of theovershoot function is equal to or larger than the input value of theovershoot function due to the output value of the overshoot functionbeing selectively updated, the output value of the overshoot functionwill be used, while when the output value of the overshoot function issmaller than the input value of the overshoot function, the input valueof the overshoot function will be used.

Accordingly, as one example, by selectively updating the output value ofthe overshoot function as shown in Equation 4 above and adjusting thedegree of depth of each pixel in the respective frame images as shown inEquation 5 above, the image processing apparatus according to thepresent embodiment is capable of preventing fluctuation in the amount ofdisparity due to the occurrence of ringing and an unnatural weakening ofthe amount of disparity, for example.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing processing according to theimage processing method according to the present embodiment. FIG. 3shows an example of the amount of disparity in the processed images andthe amount of disparity in the processed images that have been adjustedby the processing according to the image processing method according tothe present embodiment. Here, FIG. 3 shows an example of the amount ofdisparity in the adjusted processed images in a case where the imageprocessing apparatus according to the present embodiment has carried outa disparity adjusting process that uses the calculation shown inEquation 5 above for example.

As examples, as shown by the parts marked A and B in FIG. 3, by carryingout the processing according to the image processing method according tothe present embodiment, disparity is adjusted so as to become largerthan the disparity corresponding to the processed images based on theamount of change over time in the magnitude of the disparitycorresponding to the processed images. Also, as shown in FIG. 3, forexample, by changing the value of a, the time for which the amount ofdisparity is enhanced (the overshoot time) changes. As one example ofthe processing according to the image processing method according to thepresent embodiment, the image processing apparatus according to thepresent embodiment carries out the processing in (1) above (thedisparity amount calculating process) and the processing in (2) above(the disparity adjusting process).

Here, in the processing in (2) above (the disparity adjusting process)the image processing apparatus according to the present embodimentadjusts the degree of depth of each pixel in the respective frame imagesby way of the calculation shown in Equation 3 and Equation 5 above, forexample, based on the amount of disparity in each frame image that hasbeen adjusted based on the amount of disparity in each frame imagecalculated by the processing in (1) above (the disparity amountcalculating process). Also, the amount of disparity in each frame imagethat has been adjusted based on the amount of disparity in each frameimage calculated by the processing in (1) above (the disparity amountcalculating process) is a value based on the amount of change over timein the magnitude of the disparity corresponding to the processed imagesand as examples is the output value of the overshoot function as shownin Equation 2 above or the output value of the overshoot function thathas been selectively updated as shown in Equation 4 above, for example.

Accordingly, by carrying out the processing in (1) above (the disparityamount calculating process) and the processing in (2) above (thedisparity adjusting process), for example, as the processing accordingto the image processing method according to the present embodiment, theimage processing apparatus according to the present embodiment iscapable of carrying out adjustment to make the disparity larger than thedisparity corresponding to the processed images.

Also, by carrying out adjustment to make the disparity corresponding tothe processed images larger based on the amount of change over time inthe magnitude of the disparity corresponding to the processed images,the disparity corresponding to the processed images is temporarilyenhanced as shown in part A in FIG. 3 for example. Accordingly, theimage processing apparatus according to the present embodiment iscapable of producing favorable sense of depth in the content shown bythe processed images.

Since the image processing apparatus according to the present embodimentcarries out adjustment to make the disparity corresponding to theprocessed images larger based on the amount of change over time in themagnitude of the disparity corresponding to the processed images, it ispossible for the user who views the adjusted processed images toexperience a greater three-dimensional depth, even where no greatdisparity is applied to the processed images due to reasons such ascrosstalk at the display device that displays images on a displayscreen.

In addition, in the case where the image processing apparatus accordingto the present embodiment adjusts the degree of depth of each pixel inthe respective frame images by way of the calculation shown in Equation5 above for example in the processing in (2) above (the disparityadjusting process), the image processing apparatus according to thepresent embodiment is capable for example of preventing fluctuation inthe amount of disparity due to ringing and an unnatural weakening in theamount of disparity. Accordingly, in the case described above, the imageprocessing apparatus according to the present embodiment is capable ofimproving the three-dimensional depth experienced by the user watchingthe processed images that have been adjusted.

Note that the processing according to the image processing methodaccording to the present embodiment is not limited to the processing in(1) above (the disparity amount calculating process) and the processingin (2) above (the disparity adjusting process).

As one example, the image processing apparatus according to the presentembodiment is also capable of detecting, by way of motion detectionprocessing or the like using a plurality of frame images, a change inthe depth direction of an object included in the processed images as themagnitude of the disparity in units of a plurality of pixels or pixelunits that show the object and of carrying out adjustment to make thedisparity larger than the disparity corresponding to the processedimages based on the amount of change over time in the magnitude of thedisparity shown by such detection result.

Specific Example of Processing According to Image Processing MethodAccording to the Present Embodiment

Next, a specific example of the processing according to the imageprocessing method according to the present embodiment described abovewill be described.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart useful in explaining an example of the processingaccording to the image processing method according to the presentembodiment. Here, step S100 shown in FIG. 4 corresponds to theprocessing in (1) above (the disparity amount calculating process). Theprocessing in step S102 and S104 shown in FIG. 4 corresponds to theprocessing in (2) above (the disparity adjusting process).

The image processing apparatus according to the present embodimentcalculates the amount of disparity in the processed images for eachframe based on a disparity map corresponding to the processed images(S100). As examples, the image processing apparatus according to thepresent embodiment calculates the dynamic range of the disparity map foreach frame image, the maximum value of the disparity map for each frameimage, or the average value of the disparity map for each frame image asthe amount of disparity in the processed images.

Once the amount of disparity in the processed images has been calculatedfor each frame in step S100, the image processing apparatus according tothe present embodiment adjusts the amount of disparity in the processedimages for each frame using the overshoot function (S102). As examples,the image processing apparatus according to the present embodimentadjusts the amount of disparity in the processed images for each frameby using an overshoot function such as that shown in Equation 2 above orby selectively updating the value of the output of the overshootfunction as shown in Equation 4 above.

Once the amount of disparity in the processed images has been adjustedfor each frame in step S102, the image processing apparatus according tothe present embodiment enhances the disparity map corresponding to theprocessed images for each frame (S104). As examples, the imageprocessing apparatus according to the present embodiment enhances thedisparity map corresponding to the processed images for each frame bycarrying out the calculation shown in Equation 3 above or thecalculation shown in Equation 5 above.

As the processing according to the image processing method according tothe present embodiment, the image processing apparatus according to thepresent embodiment carries out the processing shown in FIG. 4 forexample. By carrying out the processing shown in FIG. 4 for example, theprocessing in (1) above (the disparity amount calculating process) andthe processing in (2) above (the disparity adjusting process) arerealized.

Accordingly, by carrying out the processing shown in FIG. 4 for example,the image processing apparatus according to the present embodiment iscapable of adjusting disparity based on the processed images. Also, bycarrying out the processing shown in FIG. 4 for example, the imageprocessing apparatus according to the present embodiment is capable ofachieving the effects that can be achieved by using the image processingmethod according to the present embodiment described earlier. Note thatit should be obvious that the processing according to the imageprocessing method according to the present embodiment is not limited tothe processing shown in FIG. 4.

Image Processing Apparatus According to the Present Embodiment

Next, an example configuration of an image processing apparatusaccording to the present embodiment that is capable of carrying out theprocessing according to the image processing method according to thepresent embodiment described earlier will be described.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing one example configuration of an imageprocessing apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment. The imageprocessing apparatus 100 includes a control unit 102, for example.

Also, as examples, the image processing apparatus 100 may include a ROM(Read Only Memory, not shown), a RAM (Random Access Memory, not shown),a storage unit (not shown), a communication unit (not shown), anoperation unit (not shown) that can be operated by the user, and adisplay unit (not shown) that displays various screens on a displayscreen. In the image processing apparatus 100, the various componentelements described above are connected by a bus as a data transfer path,for example.

Here, the ROM (not shown) stores a program and control data, such ascomputation parameters, used by the control unit 102. The RAM (notshown) temporarily stores a program or the like being executed by thecontrol unit 102.

The storage unit (not shown) is a storage device provided in the imageprocessing apparatus 100 and stores various data, for example, imagedata showing the processed images, disparity information (data)corresponding to the processed images, and applications. Here, amagnetic recording medium such as a hard disk drive and a nonvolatilememory such as flash memory can be given as examples of the storage unit(not shown). The storage unit (not shown) may be detachable from theimage processing apparatus 100.

A communication interface, described later, can be given as an exampleof the communication unit (not shown). Also, an operation input device,described later, can be given as an example of the operation unit (notshown), and a display device, described later, can be given as anexample of the display unit (not shown).

Example Hardware Configuration of Image Processing Apparatus 100

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing an example hardwareconfiguration of the image processing apparatus 100 according to thepresent embodiment. As one example, the image processing apparatus 100includes an MPU 150, a ROM 152, a RAM 154, a storage medium 156, aninput/output interface 158, an operation input device 160, a displaydevice 162, and a communication interface 164. Also, in the imageprocessing apparatus 100, as one example the respective componentelements are connected by a bus 166 as a data transfer path.

The MPU 150 is composed for example of an MPU (Micro Processing Unit) orvarious types of processing circuits and functions as the control unit102 that controls the entire image processing apparatus 100. In theimage processing apparatus 100, as one example the MPU 150 also fulfillsthe role of the image processing unit 110, described later.

The ROM 152 stores programs, control data, such as computationparameters, and the like for use by the MPU 150. The RAM 154 temporarilystores a program to be executed by the MPU 150, for example.

The storage medium 156 functions as a storage unit (not shown), and asone example stores various data such as image data showing the processedimages, disparity information corresponding to the processed images, andapplications. Here, a magnetic recording medium such as a hard diskdrive and a nonvolatile memory such as flash memory can be given asexamples of the storage medium 156. The storage medium 156 may bedetachable from the image processing apparatus 100.

The input/output interface 158 connects the operation input device 160and the display device 162, for example. The operation input device 160functions as an operation unit (not shown), and the display device 162functions as a display unit (not shown). Here, a USB (Universal SerialBus) terminal, a DVI (Digital Visual Interface) terminal, an HDMI(High-Definition Multimedia Interface) terminal, various processingcircuits and the like can be given as examples of the input/outputinterface 158. As one example, the operation input device 160 isprovided on the image processing apparatus 100 and is connected to theinput/output interface 158 inside the image processing apparatus 100. Abutton or buttons, direction keys, and a rotary selector such as a jogdial, or a combination of the same can be given as examples of theoperation input device 160. Also, as one example, the display device 162is provided on the image processing apparatus 100 and is connected tothe input/output interface 158 inside the image processing apparatus100. A liquid crystal display, an organic EL (electro-luminescence)display, and an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) display can be givenas examples of the display device 162.

Note that it should be obvious that the input/output interface 158 mayalso be capable of connecting to external devices, such as an operationinput device (as examples, a keyboard and a mouse) and a display device,as external apparatuses for the image processing apparatus 100. Thedisplay device 162 may also be a device, such as a touch screen, that iscapable of both displaying and user operations.

The communication interface 164 is a communication device provided inthe image processing apparatus 100 and functions as a communication unit(not shown) for carrying out wired or wireless communication via anetwork (or directly) with a display apparatus or an external apparatussuch as a server. Here, a communication antenna and RF (Radio Frequency)circuit (for wireless communication), an IEEE 802.15.1 port and atransmission/reception circuit (for wireless communication), an IEEE802.11b port and a transmission/reception circuit (for wirelesscommunication), and a LAN (Local Area Network) terminal and atransmission/reception circuit (for wired communication) can be given asexamples of the communication interface 164. Also, a wired network suchas a LAN or a WAN (Wide Area Network), a wireless network such as awireless LAN (WLAN) and a wireless WAN (WWAN) for communication via abase station, and the Internet that uses a communication protocol suchas TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) can be givenas the network according to the present embodiment.

Using the configuration shown in FIG. 6, for example, the imageprocessing apparatus 100 carries out the processing according to theimage processing method according to the present embodiment. Note thatthe hardware configuration of the image processing apparatus 100according to the present embodiment is not limited to the configurationshown in FIG. 6.

As one example, the image processing apparatus 100 may include an imagepickup device that fulfills the role of an image pickup unit (not shown)that picks up moving images. In the case where an image pickup device isprovided, as one example the image processing apparatus 100 is alsocapable of processing picked-up images generated by image pickup by theimage pickup device as the processed images.

Here, a lens/image pickup element and a signal processing circuit can begiven as an example of the image pickup device according to the presentembodiment. As one example, the lens/image pickup element is composed oflenses of an optical system and an image sensor that uses a plurality ofimage pickup elements such as CMOS (Complementary Metal OxideSemiconductor). The signal processing circuit includes an AGC (AutomaticGain Control) circuit and an ADC (Analog to Digital Converter), forexample, converts the analog signal generated by the image pickupelements to a digital signal (image data), and carries out varioussignal processing. White balance correction processing, color correctionprocessing, gamma correction processing, YCbCr conversion processing,and edge enhancement processing can be given as examples of the signalprocessing carried out by the signal processing circuit.

Also, if the image processing apparatus 100 is configured to carry outprocessing in a standalone configuration, it is not necessary to providethe communication interface 164. Also, the image processing unit 110 canuse a configuration that omits the storage medium 156, the operationinput device 160, and the display device 162.

The explanation will now return to the example configuration of theimage processing apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 5. The control unit 102 iscomposed of an MPU or the like and fulfills the role of controlling theentire image processing apparatus 100. As one example, the control unit102 also includes the image processing unit 110 and fulfills the leadingrole of carrying out processing according to the image processing methodaccording to the present embodiment.

The image processing unit 110 fulfills the leading role of carrying outprocessing according to the image processing method according to thepresent embodiment and carries out adjustment to make the disparitylarger than the disparity corresponding to the processed images based onthe amount of change over time in the magnitude of the disparitycorresponding to the processed images. Here, moving images shown byimage data read out from the storage unit (not shown) or an externalstorage medium that has been connected, moving images shown by imagedata received by the communication unit (not shown), and moving imagespicked up by the image pickup unit (not shown) can be given as examplesof the processed images processed by the image processing unit 110.

As a specific example, the image processing unit 110 fulfills theleading role of carrying out the processing in (1) above (the disparityamount calculating process) and the processing in (2) above (thedisparity adjusting process).

As one example, the image processing unit 110 calculates the amount ofdisparity in each frame image based on the degree of depth of each pixelin the respective frame images in the processed images. As examples, theimage processing unit 110 calculates the dynamic range of the disparitymap (the degree of depth of each pixel in the respective frame images),the maximum value of the disparity map for the respective frame images,or the average value of the disparity map for the respective frameimages as the amount of disparity in the processed images.

Here, as one example, the image processing unit 110 obtains the degreeof depth of each pixel in the respective frame images described above byreferring to information (data) showing the disparity of the each pixelcalculated from the left-eye images and the right-eye images thatconstruct the processed images. The disparity of each pixel shown by theinformation showing the disparity may be calculated by an apparatus thatis external to the image processing apparatus 100, for example, or maybe calculated by the control unit 102. Also, as described earlier, theimage processing unit 110 is capable of obtaining the degree of depth ofeach pixel in the respective frame images described above by referringto the disparity information corresponding to the processed images, forexample.

Also, as one example, the image processing unit 110 carries outadjustment to make the amount of disparity in each frame image largerbased on the amount of change over time in the calculated amount ofdisparity. Here, as one example, by obtaining the output of an overshootfunction that has the amount of disparity in each frame image as theinput of the overshoot function as shown in Equation 2 described above,the image processing unit 110 makes the amount of disparity in eachframe image larger based on the amount of change over time in thecalculated amount of disparity. Also, as one example, the imageprocessing unit 110 makes the amount of disparity in each frame imagelarger based on the amount of change over time in the calculated amountof disparity by selectively updating the output of the overshootfunction as shown in Equation 4 above.

The image processing unit 110 then adjusts the degree of depth of eachpixel in the respective frame images based on the adjusted amount ofdisparity in each frame image, for example. As examples, the imageprocessing unit 110 adjusts the degree of depth of each pixel in therespective frame images by carrying out the calculation shown inEquation 3 above or Equation 5 above.

By including the image processing unit 110, for example, the controlunit 102 takes the leading role in carrying out the processing in (1)above (the disparity amount calculating process) and the processing in(2) above (the disparity adjusting process).

Note that the configuration of the control unit according to the presentembodiment is not limited to the configuration shown in FIG. 5. As oneexample, the image processing unit 110 may include a disparity adjustingunit (not shown) that takes the leading role in carrying out theprocessing in (1) above (the disparity amount calculating process) andthe processing in (2) above (the disparity adjusting process).

By using the configuration shown in FIG. 5, for example, the imageprocessing apparatus 100 carries out processing according to the imageprocessing method according to the present embodiment (for example, theprocessing in (1) above (the disparity amount calculating process) andthe processing in (2) above (the disparity adjusting process)).

Accordingly, by using the configuration shown in FIG. 5, for example,the image processing apparatus 100 is capable of adjusting disparitybased on the processed images. Also, by using the configuration shown inFIG. 5, for example, the image processing apparatus 100 is capable ofachieving the effects that can be achieved by using the image processingmethod according to the present embodiment described earlier.

Note that the configuration of the image processing apparatus accordingto the present embodiment is not limited to the configuration shown inFIG. 5.

For example, the image processing apparatus according to the presentembodiment can include the image processing unit 110 shown in FIG. 5separately to the control unit 102 (for example, such units can berealized by separate processing circuits). Also, the image processingapparatus according to the present embodiment may be separately equippedwith a disparity amount calculating unit (not shown) that takes aleading role in carrying out the processing in (1) above (the disparityamount calculating process) and a disparity amount calculating unit (notshown) that takes a leading role in carrying out the processing in (2)above (the disparity adjusting process), for example.

Also, the image processing apparatus according to the present embodimentmay further include a disparity estimating unit (not shown) thatcalculates the disparity of each pixel based on the left-eye image andthe right-eye image that construct the processed images, for example.Here, in the case where a disparity estimating unit (not shown) isprovided, in the image processing apparatus according to the presentembodiment, as examples the control unit 102 may fulfill the role of thedisparity estimating unit (not shown) or a processing circuit that isseparate to the control unit 102 may fulfill the role of the disparityestimating unit (not shown).

Also, the image processing apparatus according to the present embodimentmay further include a virtual viewpoint image generating unit (notshown) that generates a viewpoint image showing an image for one or twoor more virtual viewpoints based on the processed images and on thedegree of depth of each pixel in the respective frame images that havebeen adjusted by the image processing unit 110. Here, in the case wherea virtual viewpoint image generating unit (not shown) is provided, inthe image processing apparatus according to the present embodiment, asexamples the control unit 102 may fulfill the role of the virtualviewpoint image generating unit (not shown) or a processing circuit thatis separate to the control unit 102 may fulfill the role of the virtualviewpoint image generating unit (not shown).

Also, the image processing apparatus according to the present embodimentmay further include a display control unit (not shown) that has theviewpoint images generated by the virtual viewpoint image generatingunit (not shown) on a display screen, for example. As examples, thedisplay control unit (not shown) displays the viewpoint images on atleast one display screen out of a display screen of the display unit(not shown) and a display screen of an external display device connectedvia the communication unit (not shown). Here, in the case where adisplay control unit (not shown) is provided, in the image processingapparatus according to the present embodiment, as examples the controlunit 102 may fulfill the role of the display control unit (not shown) ora processing circuit that is separate to the control unit 102 mayfulfill the role of the display control unit (not shown).

Also, the image processing apparatus according to the present embodimentmay include an image pickup unit (not shown), for example. In the casewhere an image pickup unit (not shown) is provided, as examples, theimage processing apparatus according to the present embodiment canprocess the picked-up images generated by image pickup by the imagepickup unit (not shown) as the processed images. An image pickup deviceaccording to the present embodiment described earlier can be given as anexample of such image pickup unit (not shown).

As described above, the image processing apparatus according to thepresent embodiment carries out the processing in (1) above (thedisparity amount calculating process) and the processing in (2) above(the disparity adjusting process) for example as the processingaccording to the image processing method according to the presentembodiment. Here, in the processing in (2) above (the disparityadjusting process), the image processing apparatus according to thepresent embodiment adjusts the degree of depth of each pixel in therespective frame images by way of the calculation shown by Equation 3and Equation 5 above, for example based on the amount of disparity ineach frame image that has been adjusted based on the amount of disparityin each frame image calculated in the processing in (1) above (thedisparity amount calculating process). As examples, the amount ofdisparity in each frame image that has been adjusted based on the amountof disparity in each frame image calculated in the processing in (1)above (the disparity amount calculating process) is the output value ofan overshoot function such as that shown in Equation 2 above or theoutput value of an overshoot function that has been selectively updatedby Equation 4 above, and is a value based on the amount of change overtime in the magnitude of the disparity corresponding to the processedimages.

Accordingly, the image processing apparatus according to the presentembodiment is capable of carrying out adjustment to make the disparitylarger than the disparity corresponding to the processed images.

Also, the image processing apparatus according to the present embodimentis capable of achieving the effects that can be achieved by using theimage processing method relating to the present embodiment describedearlier.

Although an image processing apparatus has been described above as anembodiment of the present disclosure, the present disclosure is notlimited to such embodiment. The present disclosure can be applied to avariety of electronic appliances capable of processing moving images,such as a tablet-type apparatus, a communication apparatus such as amobile phone or a smartphone, a video/music reproduction apparatus (or avideo/music recording/reproduction apparatus), a game console, acomputer such as a PC (Personal Computer), and an image pickup apparatussuch as a digital camera or a digital video camera. As another example,the present disclosure can be applied to a processing IC (IntegratedCircuit) that is capable of being incorporated in an electronicappliance such as those described above.

Program According to the Present Embodiment

A program for causing a computer to function as the image processingapparatus according to the present embodiment (for example, a programthat is capable of executing processing according to the imageprocessing method according to the present embodiment, such as theprocessing in (1) above (the disparity amount calculating process) andthe processing in (2) above (the disparity adjusting process)) iscapable, when executed by a computer, of carrying out adjustment to makethe disparity larger than the disparity corresponding to the processedimages.

By having a computer execute such program for causing a computer tofunction as the image processing apparatus according to the presentembodiment, it is possible to achieve the effects that can be achievedby using the image processing method according to the present embodimentdescribed earlier.

Although preferred embodiments of the present disclosure have beendescribed in detail above with reference to the attached drawings, thetechnical scope of the present disclosure is not limited to suchembodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art thatvarious modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and alterationsmay occur depending on design requirements and other factors insofar asthey are within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalentsthereof.

For example, although the provision of a program (computer program) forcausing a computer to function as the image processing apparatusaccording to the present embodiment has been described above, it is alsopossible to provide a recording medium storing such program according toan embodiment of the present disclosure.

The configurations described above are mere embodiments of the presentdisclosure and naturally belong to the technical scope of the presentdisclosure.

Additionally, the present technology may also be configured as below.

(1)An image processing apparatus including:

an image processing unit configured to carry out adjustment that makesdisparity larger than disparity corresponding to processed images, whichare moving images to be processed, based on an amount of change overtime in a magnitude of the disparity corresponding to the processedimages.

(2)The image processing apparatus according to (1),

wherein the image processing unit is configured to

calculate, for each frame image corresponding to each frame in theprocessed images, an amount of disparity showing the magnitude ofdisparity in the frame image, based on a degree of depth of each pixelrelating to the disparity in the respective frame images,

carry out adjustment that makes the amount of disparity in each frameimage larger based on an amount of change over time in the amount ofdisparity, and

adjust the degree of depth of each pixel in the respective frame imagesbased on the adjusted amount of disparity in each frame image.

(3)The image processing apparatus according to (2),

wherein the image processing unit is configured to increase the amountof disparity in each frame image based on the amount of disparity ineach frame image and an overshoot function, which is a function with theamount of disparity in each frame image as an input value, which holdsan amount of change in the amount of disparity in an immediatelypreceding frame, and which causes convergence with the amount ofdisparity in each frame image as a target value.

(4)The image processing apparatus according to (3),

wherein the image processing unit is configured to

calculate, for each frame image, a ratio of an output value of theovershoot function to the input value of the overshoot function, and

adjust the degree of depth of each pixel in the respective frame imagesby multiplying, for each frame image, the degree of depth of each pixelin the frame image by the calculated ratio.

(5)The image processing apparatus according to (4),

wherein the image processing unit is operable when the output value ofthe overshoot function is smaller than the input value of the overshootfunction, to selectively update the output value of the overshootfunction to the input value of the overshoot function, and

is configured to calculate, for each frame image, the ratio of theoutput value of the overshoot function that has been selectively updatedto the input value of the overshoot function.

(6)The image processing apparatus according to any one of (2) to (5),

wherein the amount of disparity in each frame image is a dynamic rangeof the degree of depth in the respective frame images.

(7)The image processing apparatus according to any one of (2) to (5),

wherein the amount of disparity in each frame image is a maximum valueof the degree of depth in the respective frame images.

(8)The image processing apparatus according to any one of (2) to (5),

wherein the amount of disparity in each frame image is an average valueof the degree of depth in the respective frame images.

(9)An image processing method including:

carrying out adjustment to make disparity larger than disparitycorresponding to processed images, which are moving images to beprocessed, based on an amount of change over time in a magnitude of thedisparity corresponding to the processed images.

(10)A program causing a computer to execute adjustment that makes disparitylarger than disparity corresponding to processed images, which aremoving images to be processed, based on an amount of change over time ina magnitude of the disparity corresponding to the processed images.(11)An electronic appliance including:

an image processing unit configured to carry out adjustment that makesdisparity larger than disparity corresponding to processed images, whichare moving images to be processed, based on an amount of change overtime in a magnitude of the disparity corresponding to the processedimages.

What is claimed is:
 1. An image processing apparatus comprising: animage processing unit configured to carry out adjustment that makesdisparity larger than disparity corresponding to processed images, whichare moving images to be processed, based on an amount of change overtime in a magnitude of the disparity corresponding to the processedimages.
 2. The image processing apparatus according to claim 1, whereinthe image processing unit is configured to calculate, for each frameimage corresponding to each frame in the processed images, an amount ofdisparity showing the magnitude of disparity in the frame image, basedon a degree of depth of each pixel relating to the disparity in therespective frame images, carry out adjustment that makes the amount ofdisparity in each frame image larger based on an amount of change overtime in the amount of disparity, and adjust the degree of depth of eachpixel in the respective frame images based on the adjusted amount ofdisparity in each frame image.
 3. The image processing apparatusaccording to claim 2, wherein the image processing unit is configured toincrease the amount of disparity in each frame image based on the amountof disparity in each frame image and an overshoot function, which is afunction with the amount of disparity in each frame image as an inputvalue, which holds an amount of change in the amount of disparity in animmediately preceding frame, and which causes convergence with theamount of disparity in each frame image as a target value.
 4. The imageprocessing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the image processingunit is configured to calculate, for each frame image, a ratio of anoutput value of the overshoot function to the input value of theovershoot function, and adjust the degree of depth of each pixel in therespective frame images by multiplying, for each frame image, the degreeof depth of each pixel in the frame image by the calculated ratio. 5.The image processing apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the imageprocessing unit is operable when the output value of the overshootfunction is smaller than the input value of the overshoot function, toselectively update the output value of the overshoot function to theinput value of the overshoot function, and is configured to calculate,for each frame image, the ratio of the output value of the overshootfunction that has been selectively updated to the input value of theovershoot function.
 6. The image processing apparatus according to claim2, wherein the amount of disparity in each frame image is a dynamicrange of the degree of depth in the respective frame images.
 7. Theimage processing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the amount ofdisparity in each frame image is a maximum value of the degree of depthin the respective frame images.
 8. The image processing apparatusaccording to claim 2, wherein the amount of disparity in each frameimage is an average value of the degree of depth in the respective frameimages.
 9. An image processing method comprising: carrying outadjustment to make disparity larger than disparity corresponding toprocessed images, which are moving images to be processed, based on anamount of change over time in a magnitude of the disparity correspondingto the processed images.
 10. A program causing a computer to executeadjustment that makes disparity larger than disparity corresponding toprocessed images, which are moving images to be processed, based on anamount of change over time in a magnitude of the disparity correspondingto the processed images.
 11. An electronic appliance comprising: animage processing unit configured to carry out adjustment that makesdisparity larger than disparity corresponding to processed images, whichare moving images to be processed, based on an amount of change overtime in a magnitude of the disparity corresponding to the processedimages.